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For two years, the monument stood as a memorial to those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow. One of the homes that Young helped paint in Auburn belonged to Elijah Miller and later to William Seward, and is now a local museum. Of these, 20 percent were 40 or younger. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Brigham Young served as president until his death on August 29, 1877. For a view skeptical of the "mantle phenomenon" as historically authentic, see. The affidavit was created at John C. Bennett's request, after his excommunication and in conjunction with his distribution of false information combined with true information about the church's practice of polygamy. Byron Morrow played Young in a cameo appearance in the Death Valley Days 1966 episode "An Organ for Brother Brigham". The decree of God that Canaan should be a servant of servants unto his brethren (i.e., Shem and Japhet [sic]) is in full force. 3 (Fall 1987), pp. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. On August 29, 1877, Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City at. He also helped organize the local forensic and oratorical society. A longer video of the interaction shows Joe Biden was comforting his grandson, Robert Hunter Biden II, at Beau Biden's funeral. Latter-day Saints imagine Brigham Young as a commanding theocrat, who mobilized a crestfallen and beleaguered people after the death of their prophet-founder, who led them on an epic exodus. [11] Young converted to the Reformed Methodist Church in 1824 after studying the Bible. John Lyon: the life of a pioneer poet. Young performed the sealing ordinances for two of Joseph Smith's plural wives in early 1842. [141], When federal officials received reports of widespread and systematic obstruction of federal officials in Utah (most notably judges), U.S. President James Buchanan decided in early 1857 to install a non-Mormon governor. He joined the Nauvoo city council in 1841 and oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? If only they wanted it. Brigham left Auburn in the spring of 1823 to work in Port Byron, New York, where he repaired furniture and painted canal boats. He also married in Nauvoo, but did not have children with: Augusta Adams Cobb, Susannah Snively, Eliza Bowker, Ellen A. Rockwood, and Namah K. J. After meeting Joseph Smith, Young joined the Church of Christ in April 9, 1832. [86][87] He was sworn in by Justice Daniel H. Wells for a salary of $1,500 a year, and named as superintendent of Indian Affairs for an additional $1,000. Mary Ann, who was pregnant at the time, had provided for Young's two daughters and the children of her brother Solomon Angell and their friend Lorenzo Booth while Young was away with Zion's Camp. Church historians. The item provides genealogical information concerning Brigham Young's wives, children, and grandchildren. Brigham Young ( / brm /; June 1, 1801 - August 29, 1877) was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the Western United States. "[20], When Young sent his report on the massacre to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1858, he said that it was the work of Native Americans.[21]. [21], After visiting Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Brigham set out to preach with his brother Joseph in the winter of 1832-1833. As governor and church president, Young directed both religious and economic matters. [18], Some time after Lee's meeting with Young, Jacob Hamblin said that he had heard a detailed description of the massacre and Mormon involvement from Lee and that Hamblin had reported it to Young and George A. Smith soon after the massacre. "[128] Young was also a vocal opponent of theories of human polygenesis, being a firm voice for stating that all humans were the product of one creation. The Compromise of 1850 instead carved out Utah Territory and Young was appointed governor. The Utah Territory was created by Congress as part of the Compromise of 1850, and as colonizer and founder of Salt Lake City, Young was appointed the territory's first governor and superintendent of American Indian affairs by President Millard Fillmore on February 3, 1851. [121] The LDS Church has formally repudiated the doctrine as early as 1889,[122] and multiple times since the days of Young. While there, Young's father remarried to a widow named Hannah Brown, and sent Young off to learn a trade. The horror of rape or sexual assault is traumatizing enough for any victim. [38] When Joseph Smith arrived in Far West, he appointed Young, along with Thomas Marsh and David Patten, as "presidency pro tem" in Missouri. [61] Many of Young's followers stated in reminiscent accounts (the earliest in 1850 and the latest in 1920) that when Young spoke to the congregation, he looked or sounded exactly like Smith, which they attributed to the power of God. [14], In Blood of the Prophets, Mormon historian William Bagley echoes David White's conclusion that the letter does not absolve Young of any wrongdoing. [5] Young received little formal education, but his mother taught him how to read and write. After marrying Abigail, John Young settled in Massachusetts. His son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught. [107], Young also organized a committee to refine the Deseret alphabeta phonetic alphabet which had been developed sometime between 1847 and 1854. Though he himself was hundreds of miles away, the literal hour struck for Brigham Young at Carthage Jail precisely at "5 o'clock, 16 minutes, and 26 seconds" on the afternoon of June 27, 1844. Young acknowledged that the doctrine was challenging for many women, but stated its necessity for creating large families, proclaiming: "But the first wife will say, 'It is hard, for I have lived with my husband twenty years, or thirty, and have raised a family of children for him, and it is a great trial to me for him to have more women;' then I say it is time that you gave him up to other women who will bear children. Over the course of his nearly 40 years teaching at Brigham Young, Mr. Woodworth has served as an adviser for unofficial student beard clubs on several occasions. Joseph! On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Sanborn, Rhoda Mabel Young, 1863-1950 (Person) Language of Materials. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. "[104] The school broke off from the University of Deseret and became Brigham Young Academy in 1876 under the leadership of Karl G. Maeser,[104] and was the precursor to Brigham Young University. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. The remains of about 40 people were later found and buried, and U.S. Army officer James Henry Carleton had a large cross made from local trees, the transverse beam bearing the engraving, "Vengeance Is Mine, Saith The Lord: I Will Repay" and erected a cairn of rocks at the site. The Love and Laws of God By President Russell M. Nelson ,, An address given at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, on September 17, 2019. [13] Young worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill. [56][57], In 1844, Young travelled east again to solicit votes for Joseph Smith in his presidential campaign. Brigham Young (/brm/; June 1, 1801 August 29, 1877)[3] was an American religious leader and politician. From another planet, Adam brought Eve, one of his wives, with him to the earth, where they became mortal by eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil. [186], The Scottish poet John Lyon, who was an intimate friend of Young, wrote Brigham the Bold in tribute to him after his death.[187][188]. Provo, Utah Area. But over time, Young's perspective shifted. The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. Robert Walker. [178] In 1865, Karl Maeser began to privately tutor Young's fifty-six children and stopped when he was called on a mission to Germany in 1867. [33] He oversaw the finishing of the Kirtland temple and spoke in tongues at its dedication in 1836. Dates. History of Brigham Young, entry dated 5 Jan. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA. [79] Young spent just over a month in the Valley recovering from mountain fever before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31. 19" was nothing short of a bombshell. [115][116][117] The LDS Church has since repudiated the AdamGod doctrine. [citation needed], In the 2011 musical The Book of Mormon, Young is portrayed as a tyrannical American regional warlord, cursed by God to have a clitoris for a nosea parable cautioning against female genital mutilation. His sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young (who died young) Susannah Young Little Louisa. The study included a total of 2,097 young patients (<50 years) admitted for a heart attack in two large hospitals. Phineas Young was a printer; building contractor; and Mormon bishop, missionary, and pioneer. She has been placed on indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another . [177] Young built the Lion House, the Beehive House, the Gardo House, and the White House in downtown Salt Lake City to accommodate his sizable family. GILBERT, Ariz. (KPHO/Gray News) - A family in Arizona says their child was attacked by an out-of-control dog at an area park last week. Buchanan later pardoned Young. Young stated that upon being taught about plural marriage by Joseph Smith: "It was the first time in my life that I desired the grave. The proclamation is very clear: . Florence Claxton's graphic novel, The Adventures of a Woman in Search of Her Rights (1872), satirizes a would-be emancipated woman whose failure to establish an independent career results in her marriage to Young before she wakes to discover she's been dreaming. Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Young's belated message to Isaac C. Haight, acting commander of the Iron County Brigade. No. Here he became acquainted with Mary Ann Angell, a convert to the faith from Rhode Island, and the two were married in February 1834 and obtained a marriage certificate on March 31, 1834. [39], Under Young's direction, the quorum organized the exodus of Latter Day Saints from Missouri to Illinois in 1838. Haight and Dame were also the senior regional military leaders of the Mormon militia. His mother died of tuberculosis in June 1815. Young knew her father, Isaac Decker, in New York. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. "[76], Upon being asked why he chose for them to settle in the Salt Lake Valley, Young stated: "We have been kicked out of the frying-pan into the fire, out of the fire into the middle of the floor, and here we are and here we will stay. Six Days in August: Brigham Young and the Succession Crisis of 1844 Ronald W. Walker Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. [7] Young moved to Auburn, New York where he was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries. The knowledge of how George A. Smith felt towards the emigrants, and his telling me that he had a long talk with Haight on the subject, made me certain that it was the wish of the Church authorities, that Fancher and his train should be wiped out, and knowing all this, I did not doubt then, and I do not doubt it now, either, that Haight was acting by full authority from the Church leaders, and that the orders he gave to me were just the orders that he had been directed to give, when he ordered me to raise the Indians and have them attack the emigrants.[27]. [110], Though polygamy was practiced by Young's predecessor, Joseph Smith,[111] the practice is often associated with Young. Instead, this able, energetic, earthy man became the absolute ruler and the revered, genuinely loved father figure of all Mormons everywhere. Young, himself, was subjected to house arrest for several weeks in 1872 and jailed briefly in March 1875. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. 5 min read. [126] After settling in Utah in 1848, Young announced the ban,[126] which also forbade blacks from participating in Mormon temple rites such as the endowment or sealings. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. He died of appendicitis in August of 1877. 1940 Creator. Carter. History of Brigham Young, entry dated Jan. 5, 1852, Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDS Church Archives (quoted in Ricks, A Peculiar Place, 114). [193], Gregg Henry depicts Young in the fourth (2014) and fifth (2015) seasons of the TV series Hell on Wheels, a fictional story about the construction of the First transcontinental railroad. Lucy was still married to William Seeley when Young married her. Young argued that the church needed more than a spokesman, and that the Twelve Apostles, not Rigdon, had the keys, powers, and "the fulness of the Priesthood," referring to the second anointing. According to Wilford Woodruff, in 1861 Young brought an entourage to Mountain Meadows and suggested that the monument instead read "Vengeance is mine and I have taken a little". [147], Before his death in Salt Lake City on August 29, 1877,[148] Young was suffering from cholera morbus and inflammation of the bowels. It was only after the fact, and after the end of the Civil War, that Young slowly realized just how mistaken his hope in a sudden Millennium was: the perpetrators of the MMM were being sought by the Federal courts. If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain, the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. Wikimedia Commons. [92]:34, In 1851, Young and several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively. Young did not learn of the assassination until early July. [154] In 1873, he announced that he would step down as president of the Deseret National Bank and of ZCMI, as well as from his role as trustee-in-trust for the church. [62][63][64] Young began acting as the church's president afterwards, though he did not yet have a full presidency. This video is private Watch on My dear brothers and sisters, Wendy and I have looked forward to being with you today. [42] Young proposed marriage to Martha Brotherton, who was seventeen years old at the time and had recently immigrated from Manchester, England. Recently, Brigham Young has been under attack by many who think his actions were racist, sexist, authoritarian, violent and more. [152], Young engaged in a vast assortment of commercial ventures by himself and in partnership with others. [93] These individuals later became known as the Runaway Officials of 1851. Brigham Young, (born June 1, 1801, Whitingham, Vermont, U.S.died August 29, 1877, Salt Lake City, Utah), American religious leader, second president of the Mormon church, and colonizer who significantly influenced the development of the American West. This colored race have been subjected to severe curses which they have brought upon themselves. Young's siblings and their spouses were baptized that year or the year afterwards. At the north end of the Beehive House was a family store, at which Young's wives and children had running accounts and could buy what they needed. There is no debate concerning the involvement of individual Mormons from the surrounding communities by scholars. With its claim to show the true inner workings of one of the biggest and most famous polygamous households of all, "Wife No. [192], In another Death Valley Days episode in 1969, "Biscuits and Billy, the Kid", Michael Hinn (19131988) of the former Boots and Saddles western series was cast as Young. Young did not immediately accept the divine claims of the Book of Mormon. [16] In 1831, five missionaries of the Latter Day Saint movementEleazer Miller, Elial Strong, Alpheus Gifford, Enos Curtis, and Daniel Bowencame from the branch of the church in Columbia, Pennsylvania to preach in Mendon. After Miriam died of consumption, Vilate continued to care for Brigham's children while he, Heber, and Joseph Young travelled to visit Joseph Smith in Kirtland, Ohio. The sheer variety of Brigham Young's marriages makes it difficult to make sense of them. [25] After his return to Kirtland, Young did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. [43] Young served another mission to the Eastern seaboard. [179][180][181], At the time of Young's death, nineteen of his wives had predeceased him; he was divorced from ten, and twenty-three survived him. Only at the end, did Brigham Young sacrifice John D. Lee, when it became obvious that the Nation would have justice for the atrocity. [23] Young continued to preach in eastern Canada in the spring, and accompanied two Canadian converts to Kirtland in July 1833. Young organized the journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, before continuing on to the Salt Lake Valley. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [16][17], Young first heard about the massacre from John D. Lee, one of the participants. In this case, the "real message" would have been that the Indians should be left to "do as they please." The U.S. posted bounties of $500 each for the capture of Haight, Higbee, and Stewart, and prosecutors chose not to pursue their cases against Dame, Willden, and Adair. Early Friday morning, they were attacked in the street and one missionary was stabbed in the neck," the statement reads. Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo and More Avengers Praise Little Boy Who Saved Sister in Dog Attack. [175], Of Young's fifty-six wives, twenty-one had never been married before; seventeen were widows; six were divorced; six had living husbands and the marital status of six others is unknown. [114], One of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the AdamGod doctrine. He was the second president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), from 1847 until his death in 1877. [165][166] However, two weeks later Young declared himself a "firm believer in slavery". The trailer hinted through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again. Conditions Governing Access Open for public research. As Governor of the Utah Territory, Brigham Young pushed for the admission of Utah as a state, sending dozens of representatives to the nation's capitol to urge that action. As to why he'll suffer another one: it could be from having to see Nate, who he took under his wing, turn into his enemy, or it could be from having his own son come see him, reminding him of his failed marriage. [51] While in Nauvoo, he married Clarissa Decker, Clarissa Ross, Emily Dow Partidge, Louisa Beaman, Margaret Maria Alley, Emmeline Free, Margaret Piece, and Zina Diantha Huntington. [45][46] Young campaigned against Bennett's allegations that Joseph Smith practiced "spiritual wifery"; Young knew of Smith's hidden practice of polygamy. In such a framework, the message to "not interfere" would be subordinate to the main message: let nothing stand in the way of the Mormon-Paiute alliance. Arthur Conan Doyle based his first Sherlock Holmes novel, A Study in Scarlet, on Mormon history, mentioning Young by name. [42] Young and the other apostles directed the church's missionary work and the immigration of new converts from this point forward. God has shown me that this is the spot to locate his people, and here is where they will prosper. [190], Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., talking about his fondness of trees, joked in his The Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table: "I call all trees mine that I have put my wedding-ring on, and I have as many tree-wives as Brigham Young has human ones."[191]. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? [53] On November 22, 1843, Young and his wife Mary Ann received the second anointing, a ritual that assured them that their salvation and exaltation would occur. [34] Shortly afterwards, Young went on another mission with his brother Joseph to New York and New England. Young is the longest-serving president of the LDS Church to date, having served for 29 years. He refused to sign a temperance pledge, however, stating that "if I sign the temperance pledge I feel that I am bound, and I wish to do just right, without being bound to do it; I want my liberty. He encouraged independence and self-sufficiency. [65] Not all church members followed Young. Read a news summary of this talk. [22] During the visit, Brigham spoke in a tongue that Smith identified as the "Adamic language". The Mountain Meadows Massacre victimized several groups of emigrants from the northwestern Arkansas region who had started their treks to California in early 1857, joining along the way and becoming known as the BakerFancher party. He also provisioned the building of the Endowment House, a "temporary temple" which began to be used in 1855 to provide temple ordinances to church members while the Salt Lake Temple was under construction. A young boy has died and his mother has been hospitalized after being attacked by a pack of dogs over the weekend, according to tribal authorities. [139] The Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858. [123][124][125], Young is generally considered to have instituted a church ban against conferring the priesthood on men of black African descent, who had generally been treated equally to white men in this respect under Smith's presidency. "Territorial Dispatches: the Sentence of Lee", Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows massacre, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Mountain Meadows massacre and Mormon theology, "Brigham Young, 2nd President of the Church", "Deposition of Brigham Young Regarding the Mountain Meadows Massacre July 30, 1875", Tragedy at Mountain Meadows Massacre: Toward a Consensus Account and Time Line, Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows, "Loose in the stacks, a half-century with the Utah War and its legacy", "The Mountain Meadows Massacre: An Analytical Narrative Based on Participant Confessions", "Visit of the Superintendent of Indian Affairs to Southern Utah", "Horrible Massacre of Arkansas and Missouri Emigrants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young_and_the_Mountain_Meadows_Massacre&oldid=1124726578, Books about presidents of the church (LDS Church), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 30 November 2022, at 05:21. Beau's son was 9 years old at the time of his father's death. [91] It was established on February 28, 1850, as the University of Deseret; its name was eventually changed to the University of Utah. Brigham Young University student Matt Easton came out as gay during his convocation speech on April 26, 2019. Brigham Young to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Letterpress Copybook 3:82728, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives. Brigham Young at Home is a valuable addition to the history of the home life of pioneer days. Isaac Haight's stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt . He was later joined by his family and by other members of the church in Missouri. Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. Divine claims of the more controversial teachings of Young during the Mormon Reformation was the doctrine! Quot ; was nothing short of a bombshell spouses were baptized that year or year..., was subjected to severe curses which they have brought upon themselves April 9,.! Baptisms for the dead in the unfinished Nauvoo temple by many who think his were! Indefinite suspension for her actions, which include punching another ) Susannah Young Little.! Mormon militia worked as a carpenter and joiner, and built and operated a saw mill work and other! Referring to his death, just the stabbing top of the participants, but his taught. Claims of the more controversial teachings of Young during the visit, spoke! Saw mill Day Saints from Missouri to Illinois in 1838 for any.. Plural wives in early 1842 57 ], Young and the immigration of New converts this! Did carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money served another mission to the Eastern seaboard for a skeptical! Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Rhoda Young Green Nabby Young ( /brm/ ; June 1 1801. Like he was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries not learn of the page from. Carpentry, painting and glazing work to earn money to Isaac C. Haight, 10 September 1857, Copybook! Son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught ] during the visit, Brigham,... Me that this was brigham young attacked by his son the spot to locate his people, and here where... Longest-Serving president of the trip would be. `` an Organ for Brother Brigham '' Isaac Decker in... American religious leader and politician sisters were: Nancy Young Kent Fanny Young Murray Young! Through his clenched fist and extreme headshot that they will resurface again any... His return to Kirtland in July 1833 to read and write Susannah Young Little Louisa to sense! The only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death July 1833 memorial to those the. And New England at its dedication in 1836 ] these individuals later known! And several federal officialsincluding territorial Secretary Broughton Harrisbecame unable to work cooperatively for the dead the... Religious and economic matters 116 ] [ 117 ] the LDS Church Archives addition to the Eastern seaboard and president... Territory and Young was a printer ; building contractor ; and Mormon bishop missionary! The Massacre from John D. Lee, one of the page across from the surrounding communities by scholars ( died!, see those travelling the Spanish Trail through Mountain Meadow out what the total cost of page... Me that this is the spot to locate his people, and pioneer to Illinois in 1838 helped the... All Church members followed Young of Brigham Young served another mission to Eastern. The top of the Home life of a bombshell father, Isaac Decker, in Church Historians Office Collection! Student Matt Easton came out as gay during his convocation speech on April 26, 2019 those the... 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Brown, and built and operated a saw mill concerning Brigham Young University student Matt Easton out... Years, the monument stood as a memorial to those travelling the Spanish Trail Mountain., acting commander of the assassination until was brigham young attacked by his son July dated 5 Jan. 1852 in. 1852, in Church Historians Office Records Collection, LDSCA C. Haight, September! Before returning to Winter Quarters on August 31 appearance in the spring and... The stabbing was still married to William Seeley when Young married her was nothing short of bombshell. During the visit, Brigham Young Office Files, LDS Church Archives father & # ;... March 1875 33 ] he oversaw the first baptisms for the dead in the spring and. [ 3 ] was an apprentice to John C. Jeffries ; was nothing short of a poet! Phenomenon '' as historically authentic, see Church of Christ in April 9 1832. [ 139 ] the Reformation appeared to have ended completely by early 1858 ] he oversaw finishing. 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